List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 3rd Congress by seniority

This is a list of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 3rd United States Congress by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office.

As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 3rd Congress (March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795). Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members.

This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the 112th Congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 3rd Congress.^[1]

Contents 1 House seniority 2 Leadership 3 Standing Committees 4 List of Representatives by seniority 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

House seniority

Seniority in the House, for Congressmen with unbroken service, depends on the date on which the members first term began. That date is either the start of the Congress (4th March in odd numbered years, for the era up to and including the 73rd Congress starting in 1933) or the date of a special election during the Congress. Since many members start serving on the same day as others, ranking between them is based on alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.

Congressmen, in early Congresses, were often elected after the legal start of the Congress. Such representatives are attributed with unbroken seniority, from the legal start of the congressional term, if they were the first person elected to a seat in a Congress. The date of the election is indicated in a note.

The seniority date is normally taken from the members entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, except where the date given is the legal start of the Congress and the actual election (for someone who was not the first person elected to the seat in that Congress) was later. The date of election is taken from United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997. In a few instances the latter work provides dates, for the start and end of terms, which correct those in the Biographical Directory.

The Biographical Directory normally uses the date of a special election, as the seniority date. However, mostly in early Congresses, the date of the member taking his seat can be the one given. The date of the special election is mentioned in a note to the list below, when that date is not used as the seniority date by the Biographical Directory.

Representatives who return to the House, after having previously served, are credited with service equal to one less than the total number of terms they served. When a representative has served a prior term of less than two terms (i.e., prior term minus one equals less than one), he is ranked above all others whose service begins on the same day.

Leadership

In this Congress the only formal leader was the Speaker of the House. A Speakership ballot was held on December 2, 1793 and Frederick Muhlenberg (A-PA) was elected. Speaker Muhlenberg had previously held the same office, in the 1st Congress. ^[2]

Standing Committees

The House created its first standing committee, on April 13, 1789. There were two standing committees in the 3rd Congress. In addition there was a Ways and Means Committee in the 1st session. Although the Ways and Means Committee was not formally added to the list of standing committees until 1802, the 2011 committee considers the one in 1794 to be a forerunner.

Committees, in this period, were appointed for a session at a time and not necessarily for every one in a Congress. The Speaker appointed the members.

This list refers to the standing committees of the House in the 3rd Congress, the year of establishment as a standing committee, the number of members assigned to the committee and the dates of appointment in each session, the end of the session and its chairman. ^[3]

No.	Committee	From	Mbrs	Appointed	Chairman
01	Claims	1794	7	November 14, 1794-March 3, 1795	Uriah Tracy (P-CT)
02	Elections	1789	7	December 2, 1793-June 9, 1794	William L. Smith (P-SC)
				November 7, 1794-March 3, 1795	Jonathan Dayton (P-NJ)
03	Ways and Means	[1794]	15	March 26, 1794-June 9, 1794	William L. Smith (P-SC)

List of Representatives by seniority

A numerical rank is assigned to each of the 105 members initially elected to the 3rd Congress. Other members, who were not the first person elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Congress, are not assigned a number.

Three Representatives-elect was not sworn in, as one resigned to become a United States Senator and two declined to serve. The list below includes the Representative-elect (with names in italics), with the seniority they would have held if they had been sworn in.

Party designations used in this article are A for Anti-Administration members and P for Pro-Administration representatives.

Rank	Representative	Party	District	Seniority date	Notes
Three consecutive terms
001	Fisher Ames	P	MA-1a	01789-03-04 March 4, 1789
002	Abraham Baldwin	A	GA-al
003	Elias Boudinot	P	NJ-al		Last term
004	Thomas Fitzsimons	P	PA-al
005	Nicholas Gilman	P	NH-al
006	Benjamin Goodhue	P	MA-1c
007	Samuel Griffin	P	VA-13		Anti-Administration 1791-93. Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793. Last term.
008	Thomas Hartley	P	PA-al
009	Daniel Hiester	A	PA-al
010	Richard B. Lee	P	VA-17		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793. Last term.
011	James Madison	A	VA-15		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
012	Andrew Moore	A	VA-2
013	Frederick Muhlenberg	A	PA-al		Pro-Administration 1789-91. Speaker of the House.
014	John Page	A	VA-12		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
015	Josiah Parker	P	VA-11		Anti-Administration 1789-93. Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793.
016	Theodore Sedgwick	P	MA-2c
017	William L. Smith	P	SC-1		Chairman: Elections (1793). Chairman: Ways and Means (1794).
018	Jonathan Sturges	P	CT-al		Declined to serve, as Representative-elect, before the start of the Congress.
019	George Thatcher	P	MA-4b
020	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.	P	CT-al		Last term (elected to 4th Congress but did not serve)
021	Jeremiah Wadsworth	P	CT-al		Last term
022	William B. Giles	A	VA-9	01790-12-07 December 7, 1790	Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
023	Benjamin Bourne	P	RI-al	01790-12-17 December 17, 1790
Two consecutive terms
024	Shearjashub Bourne	P	MA-3a	01791-03-04 March 4, 1791	Last term
025	Abraham Clark	P	NJ-al		Died September 15, 1794
026	Jonathan Dayton	P	NJ-al		Chairman: Elections (1794)
027	William Findley	A	PA-al
028	James Gordon	P	NY-9		Last term
029	Andrew Gregg	A	PA-al
030	William B. Grove	P	NC-7
031	James Hillhouse	P	CT-al
032	John W. Kittera	P	PA-al
033	Nathaniel Macon	A	NC-5
034	William V. Murray	P	MD-8
035	Jeremiah Smith	P	NH-al
036	Abraham B. Venable	A	VA-7		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
037	Artemas Ward	P	MA-2d		Last term
038	Amasa Learned	P	CT-al	01791-09-19 September 19, 1791
039	Nathaniel Niles	A	VT-2	01791-10-17 October 17, 1791
040	Israel Smith	A	VT-1		Elected to this Congress: March 20, 1793
041	Thomas Tredwell	A	NY-1	01791-10-24 October 24, 1791	Last term
042	John F. Mercer	A	MD-2	01792-02-05 February 5, 1792	Resigned April 13, 1794
043	Alexander D. Orr	A	KY-2	01792-11-08 November 8, 1792	Elected to this Congress: September 6, 1793
044	Christopher Greenup	A	KY-1	01792-11-09 November 9, 1792
045	William Hindman	P	MD-7	01793-01-30 January 30, 1793
Two non-consecutive terms
046	Lambert Cadwalader	P	NJ-al	01793-03-04 March 4, 1793	Previously served 1789-91. Last term.
047	Isaac Coles	A	VA-6		Previously served 1789-91. Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793.
048	Benjamin Huntington	P	CT-al		Previously served 1789-91. Declined to serve, as Representative-elect, before Congress convened.
049	Peter Muhlenberg	A	PA-al		Previously served 1789-91. Last term until 6th Congress.
050	Thomas Scott	P	PA-al		Previously served 1789-91. Last term.
One term
051	James Armstrong	P	PA-al	01793-03-04 March 4, 1793	Only term
052	Theodorus Bailey	A	NY-5
053	John Beatty	P	NJ-al		Only term
054	Lemuel Benton	A	SC-3
055	Thomas Blount	A	NC-9
056	Thomas P. Carnes	A	GA-al		Only term
057	Gabriel Christie	A	MD-6
058	Thomas Claiborne	A	VA-8		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
059	David Cobb	P	MA-al		Only term
060	Peleg Coffin, Jr.	P	MA-3b
061	William J. Dawson	A	NC-8
062	Henry Dearborn	A	MA-4a
063	George Dent	P	MD-1
064	Samuel Dexter	P	MA-1b		Only term
065	Uriah Forrest	P	MD-3		Resigned November 8, 1794
066	Dwight Foster	P	MA-2a		Elected to this Congress: April 1, 1793
067	Ezekiel Gilbert	P	NY-6
068	James Gillespie	A	NC-6
069	Alexander Gillon	A	SC-5		Died October 6, 1794
070	Henry Glen	P	NY-8
071	George Hancock	P	VA-5		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
072	Carter B. Harrison	A	VA-10
073	John Heath	A	VA-19
074	Samuel Holten	A	MA-1d		Elected to this Congress April 1, 1793. Only term.
075	John Hunter	A	SC-2		Only term
076	William Irvine	A	PA-al
077	Matthew Locke	A	NC-2
078	William Lyman	A	MA-2b		Elected to this Congress April 1, 1793
079	Francis Malbone	P	RI-al
080	Joseph McDowell	A	NC-1		Only term
081	Alexander Mebane	A	NC-4
082	Stephen M. Mitchell	P	CT-al		Resigned, as Representative-elect, to become US Senator: October, 1793.
083	William Montgomery	A	PA-al		Only term
084	Joseph Neville	A	VA-3		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793. Only term.
085	Anthony New	A	VA-16		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
086	John Nicholas	A	VA-18
087	John Patten	A	DE-al		Unseated after election contest: February 14, 1794. Only term until 4th Congress.
088	Andrew Pickens	A	SC-6		Only term
089	Francis Preston	A	VA-4		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793
090	Robert Rutherford	A	VA-1
091	John S. Sherburne	A	NH-al
092	John Smilie	A	PA-al		Only term until 6th Congress
093	Samuel Smith	A	MD-5
094	Thomas Sprigg	A	MD-4
095	Silas Talbot	P	NY-10		Only term
096	John E. Van Alen	P	NY-7
097	Philip Van Cortlandt	A	NY-3
098	Peter Van Gaasbeck	P	NY-4		Only term
099	Peleg Wadsworth	P	MA-4c		Elected to this Congress April 1, 1793
100	Francis Walker	A	VA-14		Elected to this Congress: March 18, 1793. Only term.
101	John Watts	P	NY-2		Only term
102	Benjamin Williams	A	NC-10
103	Paine Wingate	P	NH-al
104	Richard Winn	A	SC-4
105	Joseph Winston	A	NC-3		Only term until 8th Congress
Members joining the House, after the start of the Congress
...	Uriah Tracy	P	CT-al	01793-04-08 April 8, 1793	Special election. Chairman: Claims (1794).
...	Joshua Coit	P	CT-al	01793-11-11 November 11, 1793	Special election
...	Zephaniah Swift	P	CT-al
...	Henry Latimer	P	DE-al	01794-02-14 February 14, 1794	Seated after election contest. Resigned to become US Senator: February 7, 1795.
...	Gabriel Duvall	A	MD-2	01794-05-05 May 5, 1794	Special election [4]
...	Benjamin Edwards	P	MD-3	01795-01-02 January 2, 1795	Special election. Only term.
...	Aaron Kitchell	P	NJ-al	01795-01-29 January 29, 1795	Previously served 1791-93. Special election.
...	Robert G. Harper	P	SC-5	01795-02-09 February 9, 1795	Special election: October 13-14, 1794 [5]
Non voting Member
a	James White	-	TN-al	01794-09-04 September 4, 1794	Delegate from the Southwest Territory (later TN)

References

• United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, by Michael J. Dubin (McFarland and Company 1998) ISBN 0-7864-0283-0

See also

• 3rd United States Congress
• List of United States Senators in the 3rd Congress by seniority

External links

• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

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